Ancient Empires Codexery — Data & Quality

We publish our audit record because accuracy claims should be checkable. Every entry on this site runs through an automated fact-audit pipeline (accuracy audit → source-grounded repair → visual QA); this page is generated from that pipeline's own report, not written by hand.

Last full accuracy audit: 2026-08-26 · 10 entries checked · 6 flagged · 10 issues confirmed · 6 corrected · 4 still open

Recent findings (audit lane, verbatim)

Achaemenid Empire — The Achaemenids were initially rulers of the Elamite city of Anshan – this phrasing misleadingly implies they were Elamite rulers, whereas they were Persian rulers of a former Elamite city.

Ancient Carthage — The claim that Carthage controlled 'southern and southeastern Iberia' by 300 BC is inaccurate; Carthage's major expansion into Iberia began after the First Punic War, with significant territorial gains under the Barcid family starting around 237 BC.

Ancient Israel and Judah — The fall of Babylon to the Achaemenid Empire occurred in 539 BCE, not c. 538 BCE.

Ancient Israel and Judah — The Second Temple was completed in 515 BCE, not 516 BCE.

Mitanni — The term Ḫanigalbat is not attested in texts from the Old Babylonian period; the earliest attestations are from the Middle Assyrian period, and Old Babylonian texts refer to Ḫabigalbat, not Ḫanigalbat.

Ptolemaic Kingdom — The claim that the kingdom expanded through the Syrian Wars to include northern Nubia is overstated; the Ptolemies controlled only parts of Nubia (e.g., the Dodecaschoenus region), not all of northern Nubia.

Ptolemaic Kingdom — The statement that at its peak under Ptolemy III Euergetes the Roman Republic was 'also dominant' in the Mediterranean is anachronistic; Rome was not yet a dominant power in the eastern Mediterranean at that time (mid-3rd century BC).

Sassanid Empire — The claim that Ctesiphon was the capital for all but the first two years of the Sasanian Empire is inaccurate; Ardashir I initially used Istakhr, and Ctesiphon became the capital from 224 onward, not after a two-year delay.

Sassanid Empire — The claim that Shapur I ordered the construction of the 'first dam bridge in Iran' is an overstatement; the Band-e Kaisar is not definitively the first such structure, as earlier examples may exist.

Open data

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Corrections

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